Rise of Social Electronic Commerce †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Rise of Social Electronic Commerce. Answer: Presentation Social electronic trade is new subset of electronic business and it is associated with web-based social networking and online media. This examination centers around fundamentally on the effect of the ongoing development of social electronic trade and its effect on business benefit. In the initial segment of the examination, the fundamental target of the exploration undertaking will be depicted. In the accompanying area, insightful articles and papers will be looked into in the writing audit segment. Writing hole will be featured so as to investigate inquire about inquiries. This investigation will likewise give explore procedure and feature the procedure of information assortment for inquire about undertaking. The target of the venture is to investigate the rise of social electronic trade and its issues and openings on business. Destinations of the examination undertaking can be isolated: To investigate the idea of rise of social electronic trade To feature the issues and openings in social electronic trade To perceive the effect of social electronic trade on business benefit To suggest some potential systems that a business can take in actualizing social electronic trade Venture Scope The venture covers the idea of social electronic trade and its ongoing rise in business premises. The extent of the investigation is expansive as it examines different thoughts identified with social electronic trade. In late time, organizations are exploiting on the web market and social electronic business adds additionally promoting chance to arrive at greatest clients. Social electronic trade can be depicted as extending system of web based business. This idea was authored in the year 2005 by Yahoo so as to quantify item enthusiasm of the clients. Social electronic business has its own arrangement of qualities and shopping through utilizing on the web stages consistently rouses others to suggest and buy. As expressed by Bharadwaj et al. (2013), social electronic trade are of two sorts, initial one is web based business website itself as this stage is overseen by the proprietor of the organization and other is online networking locales and individuals can offer remark about items by taking names. A portion of the acclaimed social electronic business stages are Pinterest, Shoppe, Facebook and Soldsie. As opined by Baethge et al. (2016), it is probably the greatest test for the internet business part to affect because of buying encounters. Individuals can purchase the items through online stages and they can confront the mechanical glitch or they can confront issue from e-wallet. Also, when the items get conveyed, clients may find that the items don't coordinate the desire for them. These sorts of encounters make the clients disappointed and they give negative remarks via web-based networking media pages or in network pages. As called attention to by Spencer et al. (2014), if the online business has social association pages, clients may give negative client experience as they would confront bulky and long procedure of buying the items. Also, clients read surveys of the items before causing buy and social communication about those specific items to can impact their psyches. 40% of the clients leave the items and adjust their perspective in view of audits gave on-web based business page in Australia (Alalwan et al. 2017). Clients switch the brand if the items have negative remarks on survey segment and clients are not, at this point faithful to the brands. As featured by Castells (2015), associations have been confronting issues in making an ideal PR group who can modify the brand notoriety via web-based networking media pages as a solitary remark of the client can turn into a web sensation and mischief the notoriety of the brand. Advantages of social electronic trade Clients in a worldwide setting are moving for the most part to the online stage so as to purchase their items. Web based business upset customary plan of action and individuals like to make a buy from web based business. In any case, from the points of view of web based business associations, social collaboration on online business makes the business progressively straightforward. Clients can settle on their choices impeccably and they can cooperate with different clients when buying. Clients administration groups don't currently need to give answers, different clients can give the explanation of any clients before that (Celine 2012). Web based business organizations are presently improving introduction and brand mindfulness on account of social association via web-based networking media pages. Web based business organizations need to produce benefit from social electronic trade through executing this methodology. As recommended by Collins et al. (2014), web based business organizations give additional markdown or focuses in making survey or remarks of any items under the name of confirmed clients'. Besides, the web based business organizations make an association with the clients through doing reviews and surveys. Business associations are taking the assistance of web based life investigation that gives react the clients as needs be. Online networking examination acquire advancement understanding the conduct of clients via web-based networking media stages. Todays age is shrewd and innovation agreeable. Prior to making any buy, they check clients appraisals and remarks about the items. Before settling on choice of procurement from a web based business, they additionally search the clients experience about this. As opined by Sashi (2014), social electronic business assists with getting guidance from confided in people and if the clients are not happy with the online business website or items, individuals may not make the buy from this web based business. As per Edosomwan et al. (2016), social electronic trade gives clients to think about the items and research about the items; this bit of leeway can prompt buying of the items moreover. In past time, researchers recognized the development of web-based social networking and online business; they gave the advantages and issue both of these. Amalgamating the possibility of social association on online business is new. Social electronic trade have a few open doors just as issues. The organizations which take a shot at internet based life stage have chances of improving their business volume, growing the business sectors and of developing their items and administrations according to the prerequisites of the clients. How does social electronic business can impact the clients dynamic? What are the issues and chances of social electronic business? What could be some potential suggestions to business in actualizing social electronic trade? Research Design and Methodology In this task, the analyst will gather essential information. The specialist will assemble subjective information through directing meetings. As per Mackey and Gass (2015), subjective information will be data about perception and quality that can't be estimated. The specialist will interviews 3 Australia based online business administrators through Skype. In addition, the specialist will make 5 open-finished inquiries so as to pose to internet business chiefs dependent on social electronic commerces difficulties and openings. The example size of subjective research will be 3. The specialist will choose non-likelihood inspecting procedure. As indicated by Taylor et al. (2015), in non-likelihood inspecting procedure, tests are assembled in a strategy that doesn't give all the people in the populace equivalent odds of being chosen. In subjective research, the scientist will lead interviews and the analyst will take just trustworthy data from the meetings. The scientist will take meetings to the reliable supervisors. What's more, transferability is the capacity to which the outcomes can apply to different settings too. The specialist will validate the exploration discoveries on the optional sources likewise and the scientist will reevaluate the information. So as to gather the quantitative information, the specialist will direct a review. As indicated by Orkin (2014), quantitative information manage numerical information that can be estimated through quantitative and measurable examination. The analyst will choose 55 clients of web based business through online networking pages who will be intrigued to answer overview poll. The analyst will make 10 close-finished various sort inquiries concerning social web based business and its effect on business productivity and inclinations of the clients. The specialist will transfer this arrangement of inquiries on network page via web-based networking media organize and pose the clients to answers the inquiries. This study information will be broke down with the assistance of quantitative information examination and will be introduced through tables and exceed expectations reference chart and pie-graphs The scientist will choose the example of 55 Australian clients of online business associations. Test size will be 55. The analyst will choose basic arbitrary testing procedure. As indicated by Smith (2015), a straightforward irregular examining strategy is a subset of the measurable populace through which every person of the populace has equivalent chance of getting chose. The analyst won't be one-sided in breaking down the quantitative information. In quantitative information, repeatability is the reality to get solid as acquiring results can be rehashed and it needn't bother with unwavering quality. The specialist will utilize center gathering before settling on decision of inspecting and on the off chance that the data would repudiate with past perception, the scientist will reevaluate the information and guarantee likeness. Research Limitations The Researcher may confront the issue of time requirement as being understudy it is hard to proceed with an exploration. The budgetary restriction will be another issue for the analyst. In addition, the scientist may confront confinement in dealing with a lot of information as a specialist will do both subjective and quantitative research. The specialist would choose the example size of 55 in directing a review and just 3 for talk with; this is a significant little example. On the off chance that the researche

Managerial Statistics Essay Example

Administrative Statistics Essay 1) Suppose that a free research facility has tried rubbish packs and has discovered that no 30-gallon sacks that are presently available have a mean breaking quality of 50 pounds or more. Based on these outcomes, the maker of the new, improved garbage sack feels sure that its 30-gallon pack will be the most grounded such pack available if the new waste packs mean breaking quality can be demonstrated to be at any rate 50 pounds. The mean of the example of 40 waste pack breaking qualities in Table 1. 9 is x=50. 575. On the off chance that we let u signify the mean of the breaking qualities of all waste packs of the new sort and accept that o rises to 1. 5: a. Ascertain 95 percent and 99 percent certainty interims for u. b. Utilizing the 95 percent certainty interim, would we be able to be 95 percent sure that u is at any rate 50 pounds? Clarify c. Utilizing the 99% certainty interim, would we be able to be 99% sure that u is at any rate 50 pounds? clarify d. In light of your responses to parts b and c, how persuaded would you say you are that the new 30-gallon garbage pack is the most grounded such sack available? (an) (I) 95% certainty interim for ? :n = 40x-bar = 50. 575s = 1. 65% = 95Standard Error, SE = ? /On = 0. 2609z-score = 1. 9600Width of the certainty interim = z * SE = 0. 113Lower Limit of the certainty interim = x-bar width = 50. 0637Upper Limit of the certainty interim = x-bar + width = 51. 0863The certainty interim is [50. 0637 pounds, 51. 0863 pounds](ii) 99% certainty interim for ? :n = 40x-bar = 50. 575s = 1. 65% = 99Standard Error, SE = ? /On = 0. 2609z-score = 2. 5758Width of the certainty interim = z * SE = 0. 6720Lower Limit of the certainty interim = x-bar width = 49. 9030Upper Limit of the certainty interim = x-bar + width = 51. 2470The certainty interim is [49. 9030 pounds, 51. 2470 pounds](b) Yes, we can be 95% certain that ? s at any rate 50 pounds, since the whole 95% certainty interim lies over 50 pounds (c) No, we can’t be 99% sure that ? is at any rate 50 pounds, since a piece of the 99% certainty interim lies underneath 50 pounds (d) At 95% certainty level, we can say that the new 30-gallon junk pack is the most grounded such sack available. Be that as it may, we can't finish up the equivalent at 99% certainty level. 2) Quality Progress, February 2005, gives an account of the outcomes accomplished by Bank of America in improving consumer loyalty and client reliability by tuning in to the voice of the client. A key proportion of consumer loyalty is the reaction on a scale from 1 to 10 to the inquiry: Considering all the business you do with Bank of America, what is your general fulfillment with Bank of America? Assume that an arbitrary example of 350 current clients brings about 195 clients with a reaction of 9 or 10 speaking to client amuse. Locate a 95% certainty interim for the genuine extent of all present Bank of America clients who might react with a 9 or 10. Are we 95% certain that this extent sur passes . 8, the recorded extent of client please for Bank of America? (a) 95% certainty interim for p:n = 350p = 0. 5571% = 95Standard Error, SE = O{p(1 p)/n} = 0. 0266z-score = 1. 9600Width of the certainty interim = z * SE = 0. 0520Lower Limit of the certainty interim = P width = 0. 5051Upper Limit of the certainty interim = P + width = 0. 6092The certainty interim is [0. 5051, 0. 6092](b) Yes, we can be 95% sure that p surpasses 0. 48, since the whole 95% certainty interim lies over 0. 48.

Coca Colas Brand

Coca Colas Brand Coca Colas Brand Home›Marketing Posts›Coca Colas Brand Marketing PostsCoca cola’s brand policy is crucial for the success of the company. The proof is that Coca Cola had became the worlds most valuable  brand. Coca Cola manages a brand of more 3500 products in over 200 countries such as diet beverages, fruit juices, energy drinks, teas, coffees, milk…(coca cola company, products, 2011). Coca Cola ‘s brand portfolio includes brands such as   Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Coke Zero, Coke Classic, Sprite, Fanta, Dasani, Powerade, Minute Maid already marketed successfully on the market, but, in addition, the company is always involved in enhancing its brand portfolio by developing new products. A balanced product offering- they constantly expand the range of product brands and flavours offered to their consumers and customers across he growing non-alcoholic beverage categories in order to respond to new tastes and preferences. By broadening their product brands portfolio, they are off ering their consumers more choices than before. By the end of 2010, their water and still beverages was approximately 36% of their total volume, with more than 30 water brands in their portfolio.Expanding consumer choice with innovation-Coca Cola prides itself on thinking   ‘outside the bottle’ by often considering new strategies to broaden their beverage portfolio of brands through packaging and brand innovation.They are present in every occasion of consumption, with the correct brand, in the best package across all sale channels. Nutritional labeling information-in 2007, they began introducing labels in the EU member states in order to help customers understand the content of calories in beverages. New packaging solutions-they continue to broaden their brands offering to address  by making the product more accessible and that it always meet the ever changing consumer needs for instance by introducing new package forms. As an extreme example, one of the extensions, Cherry Coke , was successful despite a near absence of advertising support (Pitta, D., Katsani, L., 1995).Cola has been aiming to market a new products by exploiting a well-developed image by introducing new products such as Diet Coke, Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola,  Coca-Cola Cherry,  Coca-Cola Zero,  Coca-Cola Vanilla. Recent history shows that more than half of the new brands marketed during the 1980s were extensions of existing products, marketed under existing brand names. The most famous of these is Diet Coke, which is a major diet cola. Other Coke products are Caffeine free Coke, Cherry Coke, Coke ZERO, etc. On the other hand, Coca Cola has been marketing new product under new names.   They are given their own brand names such as Fanta, Sprite, Schweppes, etc. By analyzing Coca Cola’s brand portfolio it can be seen that Coca-Cola is an example of a hybrid brand architectureLooking closely at the Diet Coke drinkers,they would acknowledge the fact that the product is related to Coca-Cola, but to them it is not a sub-brand, it is their brand. Where some brands benefit from association with the Coca-cola brands, whereas others are driver brands on their own. In fact Coca-Cola set up different brand strategies in different products by using a Hybrid brand strategy in cola drinks that are under the Coke brand name.Coca-Cola Company deploys various techniques to acquire a considerable market share in the beverage industry. Development and expansion of the company is vested on various policies introduced to enhance its marketing prowess as well as meet respective customer preferences in the globe. The Branding architecture of the company has played a pivotal role in enhancing development and market maximization. Coca-Cola Company deploys hybrid mode of system through wishing the name Cola to one of its brands in the globe. Also, the company has been in front in producing other brands in different regions in the society aimed at enhancing its market share globally through diver sity brand system (Benedetto, 1999).

“Frankenstein” Or More Commonly Known At The Time “The

â€Å"Frankenstein† or more commonly known at the time â€Å"The Modern Prometheus† was wrote and published by a young girl named Mary Shelly in 1818. The novel had to be published anonymously because women were seen as incompetent to write such a piece. However, she later revealed that she was the writer, yet some critics were still skeptical of this and believed Percy Shelley was actually the original writer. Shelley lost her first child soon after she gave birth and some think this is where she thought of the idea of the main character in the novel Victor Frankenstein, who is so engulfed in the idea of bringing the dead back to life. This is not really a hard idea to fathom because a mother losing a child is a horrific event, however as we†¦show more content†¦The letters continue and it is about him being lonely and feeling out of place. However he promises to keep in touch with his sister and that he misses her greatly. Robert later encounters a man who is stranded at sea and they pull him aboard. Robert takes care of him and it takes two days before the person can speak to finally say a word to Robert. This person was no other than Victor Frankenstein and he would only speak to Robert. Robert described Victor as an â€Å"interesting creature, his eyes have generally an expression of wildness, and even madness† (11). Having a â€Å"melancholy and despairing† (11) way to him. Victor explains to Robert that he was in the North searching for something that fled from him. Which we later on discover that his creation fled him so Victor would not kill him for tormenting him for years. Victor opens up to Robert and tells him his whole life story and all that has become of it. Victor grew up with his mother and father who were much respected members of the community. They adopt a young girl who was extremely poor because his mother always wanted a daughter. They adopted the beautiful Elizabeth whom Victor immediately fell in love with her, later he also became close friends with a boy named Henry Clerval. Victor fell deeply obsessed with books about natural philosophy, and studied it, however when Victor was sent to the University of Ingolstadt at seventeen mo st of his philosophers ridiculed him. Only one saw potential inShow MoreRelatedMary Shelleys Frankenstein: A Gothic Novel1595 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is one of the greatest Gothic novels to come out during the Romantic Period. Frankenstein is a prime example of what a Gothic novel should present to its reader through the genre’s twisted themes. Even though it was written in the Romantic period, Mary Shelley still wrote Frankenstein to be a Gothic work of literature. Many characteristics of Gothic novel can be seen within this novel. Mary Shelley’s outstanding novel Frankenstein is a prime example of a Gothic novelRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1376 Words   |  6 PagesFrankenstein could be compared to everyday life for the average human because we tend to have to live up to a standard of â€Å"Normal† so those that don’t understand us won’t have to fear us. The story of Frankenstein could have a deeper meaning that most readers have neglected to catch over the years. Maybe the story of Frankenstein was loosely based on the emotions of Mary Shelley from similar situations she was forced to experience throughout her lifetime. One of her most famous quotes show evidenceRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus871 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel is Frankenstein; or the Modern Prometheus. So it shouldn t come as a shock that Mary Shelley was actually influenced by this tale. Her husband Percy Shelley had actually begun composing his own tale of Prometheus in the form of poetry entitled, Prometheus Unbound. He began composing this piece around the same time that his wife was publishing Frankenstein. Mary Shelley included The Modern Prometheus as part of her title for the novel and she attempts to compare Victor Frankenstein, and theRead MoreFrankenstein: Abandonment, Loneliness, and Rejection1422 Words   |  6 Pagesfault y natures,† writes the narrator of Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, Dr. Frankenstein. Without a companion of some sort, people will only suffer more. However, without the supervision of parents, children altogether are greatly affected for the rest of their lives. An innately good and sympathetic creature, Dr. Frankenstein’s monster struggles to survive in the human world. After creating and abandoning his creature, Dr. Frankenstein is the juxtaposition of a monster, portraying humans as shallowRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelly1517 Words   |  7 PagesIn the story â€Å"Frankenstein†, by Mary Shelly, we are given the perspective of both, creation and creator, as we get to know them and what drives them to do the things that they do. The story mainly follows Victor Frankenstein, and his tales from early childhood to his time studying philosophy and science. This spark for the sciences and for life causes his desire to create life itself, and after months of studying, creates the creature. It’s horrid appearance causes him to despise the creature. ItRead More The Dangers of Science in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay example1019 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein Mary Shelleys novel Frankenstein cannot merely be read as a literary work of the early 19th century. It represents the workings of young Shelleys mind. Further, it represents the vast scientific discoveries of the time, combined with Mary Shelleys intuitive perception of science. She views science as a powerful entity, but also recognizes the dangers if uncontrolled. Shelley demonstrates this fear in the book as science drives Victor Frankenstein to create his monsterRead MoreA Caveat to the Pursuit of Knowledge1000 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge†. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley explores that when man seeks to answer unanswerable questions, he usurps God and risks acquiring forbidden knowledge, thus creating a situation he cannot fix. People should not pursue knowledge recklessly, oblivious to potential dangers and indications that they should be cautious. Sometimes, even, one must listen to the signs that one should stop exploring all together. Even when â€Å"the words of fate--enounced to destroy [Frankenstein],† he continuesRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pages When I first began reading Frankenstein by Mary Shelley I had a vastly different idea of how the book would play out. Going into the story I expected it to be more of a science fiction tale of Dr. Victor Frankenstein and the Monster that we have seen so much of in the last century of film. Within the first half of the book, I was rather perplexed by the fact that the Monster really didn’t play an integral part of the story. I wasn’t prepared for what ended up being a tale of Victor’s life and hisRead MoreThe Historical Events Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1595 Words   |  7 Pageswars, revolutions, and much more. 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In the beginning of the story, it seems that Frankenstein is simply a scientist chasing a pipe dream of finding the key to eternal life, but closer analysis of the text reveals that Frankenstein is not sane, and poss ibly suffering from one of many psychology disorders, causing hallucinations and psychosis, it is my contention, that Victor Frankenstein is his

Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Essay

Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand ECO/365 Principles of Microeconomics August 18, 2014 Sam Pirnazar Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Abstract The objective of the laws and the supply and demand simulation is to apply the supply and demand concepts to provide a better understanding on how to use the curves in order to figure out the equilibrium in the market for leasing two bedroom apartments. The simulation will help determine the difference between the movement along and shift of the demand and supply curves. Furthermore, how equilibrium can be established after one or both curves shift will be provided. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Concepts†¦show more content†¦The shift of demand curve happened when the quantity demand increased because of the cost for apartments decreased. The simulation showed that there was an increase in population in the city of Atlantis. The demand curve shifted to the right which means there was an increase. The concepts from the supply and demand introduced in the simulation are meant to help the taker understand how they can be applied to real world scenarios that may be encountered at a workplace or when using real-world products. The supply and demand is very much relatable to the workplace of the security industry I am a professional in. There is always a constant change in the products we use for life safety and peace of mind for consumers. The evolving of technology and the ability of gadgets we have at our fingertips is easily influenced by supply and demand. The desire or want of life safety and peace of mind could cause the price of t hese items to go up because the demand for them is much higher. The factor influencing the supply curve is everyone wants a security system for their home or fire alarm system for their business. Depending on the consumer demand for these products, the price could increase and cause the demand of these products to decrease then vice versa. The concepts of microeconomics and macroeconomics helped me understand the factors that affect shifts in supply and demand on equilibrium price and quantity by how they can affect theShow MoreRelatedMicroeconomics And The Laws Of Supply And Demand Essay937 Words   |  4 Pages Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Microeconomics and the Law of Demand as reviewed in the Khan Academy videos are a simple enlightening of the business cycle. The descriptive teaching and evolving facts of real life cause and effects in the cycle of business production and supply are an exquisite piece of material. The concepts relation to microeconomics are demand, markets cost and price, they are listed in true relation to the area’s they occupy in analysis of the mathematical formulaRead MoreMicroeconomics And The Laws Of Supply And Demand900 Words   |  4 PagesMicroeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand There are a diversity of aspects that can sway changes in supply and demand. These aspects include price increases or reductions. An instance is a nominal reduction in an asking rental price can result in a significant growth in necessity for houses. To a similar effect, an growth in the rental cost of two-roomed apartments consequentially resulted in a reduction in the demand of houses by a material measure. Providers were willing to supply more housesRead MoreThe Demand And Supply Theory Of Microeconomics1055 Words   |  5 Pagesscience and is central to the concerns and problems around the globe† (2003). Microeconomics covers the micro aspects viz. fundamentals, elements of demand and supply, costs, production formation, revenue, markets etc. (Samuelson and Nordhaus, 2003). With that being said, a good knowledge of these above listed aspects is necessary for management students as well as managers. Therefore, a thorough understanding of microeconomics and its principles is vital for effective decision-making. However, sinceRead MoreLaws of Supply and Demand1244 Words   |  5 Pages Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and DemandECO/365October 13, 2014Professor CoulibalyComedian P.J. O’Rourke said it best when he said, â€Å"microeconomics concerns things that economists are specifically wrong about, while macroeconomics concerns things economists are wrong about generally. Or to be more technical, microeconomics is about money you don’t have, and macroeconomics is about money the government is out of† (Beggs, 2014). On a serious note however, macroeconomics and microeconomicsRead MoreEco 365 Supply and Demand Simulation Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 November 26, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Supply and Demand simulation from the student website. The idea is to identify two microeconomic and two macroeconomic principles present in the simulation and to explain why these principles are categorized as macro or microeconomic. 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There will be definitions for the following economics, microeconomics, Law of supply and the Law of demand. Another subject that will be discussed is the identification of factors that lead to the changes in supply and demand. In orderRead MoreComparative Study on Consumption Patterns of Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices846 Words   |  4 Pagespreference among all the individuals before juices were being introduced, With the changing lifestyle and income levels, people are shifting their consumption patterns and have therefore become more health conscious thus leading to increase in demand of juices. Market Research is based on some underlying parameters like: †¢ Changing consumption pattern †¢ Health factor †¢ Status consciousness †¢ Varying lifestyle The basic subject matter of the research, comparative analysis of Soft DrinksRead MoreMicroeconomic Definition of Terms1208 Words   |  5 PagesDefinition of Terms Everyone needs to eat and many people will use a grill to cook their food. In looking at the supply and demand of barbecue grills, several terms will be defined, including economics, microeconomics, the law of supply, and the law of demand. Many factors can lead to a change in supply and demand, which will be reviewed prior to looking at an analysis of trends in barbecue grill consumption patterns. This detailed and difficult analysis is critical to businesses. Definition

Socio Economic Effects Of Stroke Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(154) " new instances occur every twelvemonth, and about 55 million people have experienced shot in the yesteryear, either with or without residuary disability\." In most of the developed states, cerebrovascular accident or shot is a common cause of decease and disablement. Stroke ranks 3rd as a cause of decease after bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease in U.S. We will write a custom essay sample on Socio Economic Effects Of Stroke Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A and U.K. The one-year economic disbursal due to cerebrovascular accident has been estimated to transcend 7 billion dollars in U.S.A. Prevalence rates reported for cerebrovascular accident universe broad vary between 500 to 800 per 1,00,000 population. ( Nolen,2008 ) Stroke is the 3rd prima cause of decease in the United States. It accounts for about 1,64,000 mortalities yearly. An estimated 5,50,000 people experience stroke each twelvemonth. Stroke is besides a chief cause of grownup disablement. In United States more than 4 million shot subsisters are populating with changing grade of disablement. Stroke is socio economically really important in older people. Harmonizing to WHO, shot was the 2nd commonest cause of world-wide mortality in 1990 and the 3rd commonest cause of mortality in more developed states ; it was besides the ground for about 4A ·4 million deceases worldwide. In 1999, the figure of deceases due to stroke ailing 5A ·54 million worldwide, and two-thirds of these occurred in less developed states. Stroke was found to be a major cause of long-run disablement and, has potentially tremendous emotional and socioeconomic effects for patients, their households, and wellness services. The case-fatality rate due to stroke varies from 11.7 % to 32.4 % . An estimated 15 million people worldwide survived minor shot each twelvemonth and about 4,800,000 in the USA, in which 50 % of instances each twelvemonth are in adult females. ( Health Statistics for US,2002 ) The incidence of shot in the U.S has declined, but there is no diminution in the badness. Harmonizing to background information it is a taking neurological cause of long term disablement. ( Davidson,2008 ) . Annually an estimated 50,000 individuals in Canada suffer from shot. There is 5.4 million persons who have a history of shot and up to 3,00,000 shot subsisters in Canada. Each twelvemonth about 16,000 dice from shot in Canada. ( Hock ‘s article, 2003 ) The prevalence of shot varies. Over the last 30 old ages at that place has been a definite addition in the prevalence and incidence of shot in India ( The Hindu, March 2008 ) The prevalence of shot in India scopes from 40 to 270 per 100 000 population. Approximately 12 % of all shots occur in the population of greater than 40 old ages of age. Major hazard factors are high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, baccy usage, and low haemoglobin degrees. In major infirmaries 2 per centum of infirmary enrollments, 1.5 per centum of medical enrollments and 9 to 30 per centum of neurological admittances histories for stroke.The National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health has pointed out that instances of shot would increase from 1,081,480 in 2000 to 1,667,372 in 2015. The ICMR survey on Burden of Disease ( 2005 ) has found that there has been an addition in the figure of shot instances in India during the last one and a half decennaries by 17.5 % . There was besides an addition in mortality rate by 7.8 % Dr. Ashok cites that statistically India may be seeing every bit many as 200 shots for every 100,000 cross subdivision of the population. Dr. RK Srivastava ( 2008 ) estimated that 3 million adult females and 2.5 million work forces worldwide dice from shot every twelvemonth, and in developed states it is the 3rd commonest cause of decease. In China it is the taking cause of long term disablement since about two-thirds of patients require rehabilitation. Almost 10 % of shot patients recovered wholly, 25 % showed minor damage, 40 % had moderate to severe damages that required particular attention. Dr. D Nagaraj ( 2007 ) discussed on the quickly increasing shot load due to altering population with increasing life anticipation. There is a broad fluctuation in the incidence ( 13-105/100,000 ) , prevalence ( 52-842/100,000 ) of shot across the state and in the past decennaries. Case human death ranges from 11.7 % -32 % .The ischaemic shots account for 70 % to 80 % . The surveies nevertheless, have reported a higher per centum of haemorrhagic shots. The individual most of import hazard factor is found to be high blood pressure.The prevalence of smoking baccy varies from 28 % to 50 % in different surveies and of intoxicant usage ranged from 1.5 % to 47 % . Hypercoagulopathies accounted for 6 % of shot, hyperhomocysteinemia was recorded to be high in 40 % of storke clients. 57 % of diability have been recorded in most surveies. Shymal K. Das and Tapas K. Banerjee ( 2003 ) conducted a population based survey on shot in Kolkata to happen out the prevalence, incidence and instance human death hazards. The findings shows that, the prevalence and incidence rates of shot in this survey are similar to or higher than many surveies conducted in western states. The entire instance human death rates in India is among the highest class of shot human death in the universe. In 2006,105 instances were detected in 6 months in Tamil Nadu, among which 36 % were of age less than 40yrs,39 % were of 40-60yrs of age. The survey shows that 26 % of clients had a old history of shot. 8 out of 11 screened for homocysteinemia. Epidemiologic surveies on shot published on equal reviewed diaries during the past 10 old ages were identified utilizing MEDLINE and pubmed hunts and were reviewed utilizing the construction of WHO ‘s shot compound Infobase. Harmonizing to WHO, the figure of stroke events is proposed to increase from 1.1 million per twelvemonth in 2000 to more than 1.5 million per twelvemonth in 2025. ( World Health Organisation 2007 ) In 2005, estimations indicated that 58 million people died, in which chronic diseases accounted for 35 million deceases ( 60 % ) . Cardiovascular diseases, chiefly bosom disease and shot caused 17A ·5 million deceases Stroke is the 2nd prima individual cause of decease, with 5A ·8 million fatal instances per twelvemonth, 40 % of which are in people of age less than 70 old ages. About 15 million new instances occur every twelvemonth, and about 55 million people have experienced shot in the yesteryear, either with or without residuary disability. You read "Socio Economic Effects Of Stroke Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples"By 2025, four out of five shot events will happen in people populating in these parts. ( International Stroke Surveillance, 2005 ) Around half of shot subsisters suffer with important disablement. Physiotherapy will help in recovering every bit much motion and map as possible. Neurological shot physical therapy helps to better balance and walking, increases ability to execute simple to complex undertakings, cut down cramp, hurting and stiffness. It besides helps to increase strength, to retain normal forms of motion, additions affected appendages map and increases energy degree. ( Samuel.J et.al,2008 ) The research workers besides observed that most of the patients were dependent in run intoing the ego attention activities. Nurses are frequently in the forepart of stroke instruction. Health instruction is a critical measure in accomplishing conformity. Patients understanding may find the ultimate success of the rehabilitation and better the ability.Since shot with unilateral paralysis is a major job, the ego attention abilities of a patient should be identified and should be taught to be independent in run intoing their ain demands. The research worker from her short period of clinical experience has observed that most of the shot patients have unequal cognition sing causes, direction and bar. Therefore people should be encouraged to cognize about these facets. Sing the big figure of patients admitted in the infirmary, the research worker is of the sentiment that the wellness instruction booklet needs to be prepared which will assist the patients to acquire cognition on cause, direction, bar and to better their ego attention ability. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM â€Å" A survey to measure the cognition and to place the ego attention abilities of shot patients in Senthil Multi Speciality Hospital, Erode, Tamil Nadu † . OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To measure the cognition of patients sing shot. To place the ego attention abilities of shot patients. To happen out the relationship between cognition and self attention abilities of shot patients. To find the association of cognition and self attention abilities with selected socio demographic variables of shot patients. To fix a wellness instruction booklet on shot. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Appraisal It refers to statistical measuring of cognition of patients about shot KNOWLEDGE It refers to patients awareness sing significance, causes, hazard factors, marks and symptoms, diagnostic steps, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught. Stroke It refers to a neurologic alterations caused by an break in the blood supply to a portion of the encephalon. Hemiplegia It refers to neurological shortage in which there is functional disablement of one side of the organic structure. Designation It refers to a action or procedure of finding the ego attention abilities of shot patients. SELF CARE ABILITIES It refers to those activities that the patient is able to execute independently. Patients It refers to clients admitted with shot and receiving intervention for more than 3 hebdomads. HEALTH EDUCATION PAMPHLET It refers to information in a written signifier sing definition, causes, hazard factors, clinical manifestations, hospital direction and place attention direction of shot. Premise Patients will hold unequal cognition sing shot. Patients who had stroke face assorted self attention shortage in their recovery period. Restriction Study was limited to stroke patients with unilateral paralysis who are admitted for more than 3 hebdomads in one peculiar infirmary, so the findings can non be generalized. Patients who are in the age group of 35-65 old ages. Study was limited merely to 40 patients. Study was limited to those who are willing to take part in the survey. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A conceptual model is a set of constructs and propositions that spell out the relationship between them. The overall intent is to do scientific findings meaningful and generalisable. Concepts are the mental images of phenomena and are the edifice blocks of the survey. Polit and Hungler ( 1999 ) states that the conceptual model is an interconnected construct of abstractions that are assembled together in some strategy by their relevancy to a common thing. This is a device that helps to excite research and the extension of cognition by supplying both way and drift. The present survey is aimed at measuring the ego attention ability and cognition of shot patients in Senthil Multi Speciality Hospital, Erode. The conceptual model selected for the survey is based on Orem ‘s self attention shortage theory ( 1985 ) . Orem defined self attention as learned, end oriented activity directed toward the ego in the involvement of keeping life, wellness development and good being. Major CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Orem labels her ego attention theory of nursing as a general theory composed of three related constructs. THE CONCEPT OF SELF CARE Describes and explains self attention. What the client should execute to keep hygiene. In this survey it is the ego attention activities performed by the client like bathing, dressing, combing, eating, ambulation, lavatory usage and placement. THE CONCEPT OF SELF CARE DEFICIT Describes and explains why people can be helped through nursing.In this survey it is the province in which the client is non able to execute the ego attention activities ( bathing, dressing, eating, ambulation, intestine and bladder control ) or the dependence degree that require aid in run intoing the ends. THE CONCEPT OF Nursing SYSTEM It is a uninterrupted series or actions that are directed to run into individual ‘s curative ego attention demand. There are three types of nursing system: WHOLLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM If the client is unable to execute actions, the system is entirely compensatory that is the nurse performs all actions. In this survey, it refers to the to the full dependent shot clients or those requires assistance to execute their activities of day-to-day life like bathing, dressing, combing, eating, vesica and intestine control, ambulation and placement. PARTIALLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM If the nurse and patient portion the duty, the system is partly compensatory. In this survey, it refers to the partly independent and partly dependent shot clients those who requires moderate aid by the important others or nurse in executing the activities of day-to-day life like feeding, bathing, ambulation, placement. SUPPORTIVE EDUCATIVE SYSTEM When a patient provides all self care necessitating motions and lone instruction is required as a grid to activity so it is supportive educative system. In this survey, it refers to the to the full independent shot clients, those who are able to make the ego attention activities and requires wellness instruction sing bar of accidents, safe bed to chair and chair to bed transportation techniques, importance of early rehabilitation to better the societal activities and steps to forestall the secondary shot onslaught. SELF CARE AGENCY It is the person ‘s ability to execute self care activities. It consists of two agencies.s SELF CARE AGENT: The individual who provides the ego attention. In this survey, the ego attention agent is client ‘s with shot. DEPENDENT CARE AGENT: The individual other than the person who provides attention. In this survey, the dependant attention agent is the research worker, who assesses the cognition sing significance, hazard factors, causes, marks and symptoms, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught. THERAPEUTIC SELF CARE DEMAND: Curative ego attention demand is the summing up of ego attention actions to be performed for some continuance of clip and in some location to run into self care necessities particularized for a individual.In this survey, it refers to the impart cognition sing significance, causes, hazard factors, marks and symptoms, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught and do the patient to execute self attention sing personal lavatory, eating, lavatory usage, vesica and intestine control, ambulation. This chapter dealt with the debut, demand for the survey, statement of the job, aim of the survey, operational definitions, premises, restriction and conceptual model. How to cite Socio Economic Effects Of Stroke Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Tests And Intelligence Essays - Intelligence, Psychometrics

IQ Tests And Intelligence The task of trying to quantify a person's intelligence has been a goal of psychologists since before the beginning of this century. The Binet-Simon scales were first proposed in 1905 in Paris, France and various sorts of tests have been evolving ever since. One of the important questions that always comes up regarding these tools is what are the tests really measuring? Are they measuring a person's intelligence? Their ability to perform well on standardized tests? Or just some arbitrary quantity of the person's IQ? When examining the situations around which these tests are given and the content of the tests themselves, it becomes apparent that however useful the tests may be for standardizing a group's intellectual ability, they are not a good indicator of intelligence. To issue a truly standardized test, the testing environment should be the same for everyone involved. If anything has been learned from the psychology of perception, it is clear that a person's environment has a great deal to do with their cognitive abilities. Is the light flickering? Is the paint on the walls an unsettling shade? Is the temperature too hot or too cold? Is the chair uncomfortable? Or in the worst case, do they have an illness that day? To test a person's mind, it is necessary to utilize their body in the process. If everyone's body is placed in different conditions during the testing, how is it expected to get standardized results across all the subjects? Because of this assumption that everyone will perform equally independent of their environment, intelligence test scores are skewed and cannot be viewed as standardized, and definitely not as an example of a person's intelligence. It is obvious that a person's intelligence stems from a variety of traits. A few of these that are often tested are reading comprehension, vocabulary, and spatial relations. But this is not all that goes into it. What about physical intelligence, conversational intelligence, social intelligence, survival intelligence, and the slew of others that go into everyday life? Why are these important traits not figured into intelligence tests? Granted, normal standardized tests certainly get predictable results where academics are concerned, but they should not be considered good indicators of general intelligence because of the glaring omissions they make in the testing process. To really gauge a person's intelligence, it would be necessary to put them through a rigorous set of real-life trials and document their performance. Otherwise the standardized IQ tests of today are testing an extremely limited quality of a person's character that can hardly be referred to as intelligence. For the sake of brevity, I will quickly mention a few other common criticisms of modern IQ tests. They have no way to compensate for cultural differences. People use different methods to solve problems. People's reading strategies differ. Speed is not always the best way to tackle a problem. There is often too much emphasis placed on vocabulary. Each of these points warrants individual treatment, and for more information refer to The Triarchic Mind by RJ Sternberg (Penguin Books, 1988, p18-36). It is possible to classify all the reasons that IQ tests fail at their task into two main groups. The first grouping is where the tests assume too much. Examples of this flaw are the assumption that speed is always good, vocabulary is a good indicator of intelligence, and that different test taking environments won't affect the outcome. The second grouping comes because the tests gauge the wrong items. Examples of this are different culture groups being asked to take the same tests as everyone else, and the fact that the tests ignore so many types of intelligence (like physical, social, etc). These two groupings illustrate where the major failings of popular IQ tests occur and can be used as tools for judging others. IQ tests are not good indicators for a person's overall intelligence, but as their use has shown, they are extremely helpful in making predictions about how a person will perform in an academic setting. Perhaps the problem comes in the name intelligence tests when it is obvious this is not what they really are. The modern IQ test definitely has its applications in today's society but should be be used to quantify a person's overall intelligence by any means.

Paraguay Geography

Paraguay Geography Population: 6,375,830 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: AsuncionBordering Countries: Argentina, Bolivia, and BrazilLand Area: 157,047 square miles (406,752 sq km)Highest Point: Cerro Pero at 2,762 feet (842 m)Lowest Point: Junction of the Rio Paraguay and the Rio Parana at 150 feet (46 m)Paraguay is a large landlocked country located on the Rio Paraguay in South America. It is bordered to the south and southwest by Argentina, to the east and northeast by Brazil and to the northwest by Bolivia. Paraguay is also located in the center of South America and as such, it is sometimes called the Corazon de America or Heart of America. History of Paraguay The earliest inhabitants of Paraguay were semi-nomadic tribes that spoke Guarani. In 1537, Asuncion, Paraguays capital today, was founded by Juan de Salazar, a Spanish explorer. Shortly thereafter, the area became a Spanish colonial province, of which Asuncion was the capital. In 1811 though, Paraguay overthrew the local Spanish government and declared its independence.After its independence, Paraguay went through a number of different leaders and from 1864 to 1870, it was engaged in the War of the Triple Alliance against Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. During that war, Paraguay lost half of its population. Brazil then occupied Paraguay until 1874. Beginning in 1880, the Colorado Party controlled Paraguay until 1904. In that year, the Liberal Party took control and ruled until 1940.During the 1930s and 1940s, Paraguay was unstable due to the Chaco War with Bolivia and a period of instable dictatorships. In 1954, General Alfredo Stroessner took power and ruled Paraguay for 35 years, d uring which time the countrys people had few freedoms. In 1989, Stroessner was overthrown and General Andres Rodriguez took power. During his time in power, Rodriguez focused on political and economic reforms and built relationships with foreign nations.In 1992, Paraguay adopted a constitution with goals of maintaining a democratic government and protecting peoples rights. In 1993, Juan Carlos Wasmosy became Paraguays first civilian president in many years.The late 1990s and early 2000s were again dominated by political instability after attempted government overthrows, the assassination of the vice president and impeachments. In 2003, Nicanor Duarte Frutos was elected as president with goals of improving Paraguays economy, which he did significantly during his time in office. In 2008, Fernando Lugo was elected and his main goals, are reducing government corruption and economic inequalities. Government of Paraguay Paraguay, officially called the Republic of Paraguay, is considered a constitutional republic with an executive branch made up of a chief of state and head of government - both of which are filled by the president. Paraguays legislative branch has a bicameral National Congress consisting of the Chamber of Senators and the Chamber of Deputies. Members of both chambers are elected by popular vote. The judicial branch is comprised of the Supreme Court of Justice with judges appointed by the Council of Magistrates. Paraguay is also divided into 17 departments for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Paraguay Paraguays economy is a market one focused on the re-export of imported consumer goods. Street vendors and agriculture also play a large role and in the countrys rural areas the population often practices subsistence agriculture. Paraguays main agricultural products are cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava, fruits, vegetables, beef, pork, eggs, milk, and timber. Its largest industries are sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic and electricity. Geography and Climate of Paraguay Paraguays topography consists of grassy plains and low wooded hills east of its main river, the Rio Paraguay, while the Chaco region west of the river consists of low marshy plains. Farther from the river the landscape is dominated by dry forests, scrub, and jungles in some locations. Eastern Paraguay, between the Rio Paraguay and the Rio Parana, features higher elevations and it is where most of the countrys population is clustered.The climate of Paraguay is considered subtropical to temperate depending upon ones location within the country. In the eastern area,  there is significant rainfall, while in the far west it is semi-arid. More Facts about Paraguay The official languages of Paraguay are Spanish and Guarani Life expectancy in Paraguay is 73 years for males and 78 years for females Paraguays population is almost entirely located in the southern part of the country There is no official data on Paraguays ethnic breakdown because the Department of Statistics, Surveys and Censuses does not ask questions about race and ethnicity in its surveysReferences Central Intelligence Agency. (27 May 2010). CIA - The World Factbook - Paraguay. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pa.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Paraguay: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107879.htmlUnited States Department of State. (26 March 2010). Paraguay. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1841.htmWikipedia.com. (29 June 2010). Paraguay - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay

Answers to Questions About Tense

Answers to Questions About Tense Answers to Questions About Tense Answers to Questions About Tense By Mark Nichol A reader submitted three queries about which verb forms to use to indicate various tenses. Here are the questions and my responses. 1. When do you use have with another verb, and when do you omit it? (For example, â€Å"I have said yesterday . . .† vs. â€Å"I said yesterday . . . .†) When do you use had? (â€Å"I had said yesterday . . . .†) â€Å"I have said yesterday . . .† is erroneous. Use have in this type of construction only when you want to emphasize that the action occurred at an unspecified time: â€Å"I have said that I would support the policy.† (This form is called the present perfect tense.) Use had for the past perfect tense, when you want to indicate that something happened before a previous occurrence or a previous time: â€Å"I had said that I would support the policy, but that was before I realized it is unfair.† 2. When should I use would as in â€Å"I would want to eat there,† as opposed to â€Å"I want to eat there†? What is the difference? â€Å"I would want to eat there† implies or precedes a condition: â€Å"I would want to eat there if it weren’t so expensive.† â€Å"I want to eat there,† by contrast, expresses a simple desire. 3. What’s the difference between â€Å"If I can, then I will† and â€Å"If I could, then I would†? â€Å"If I can, then I will† expresses a simple desire to accommodate. â€Å"If I could, then I would† implies that, because of a condition that is unnamed or not yet named, one is unable to accommodate. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherTelling a Good Poem from a Bad OneEach vs. Both

The War on Terror U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan Essay

The War on Terror U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan - Essay Example Thesis statement: The U.S. initiated War on Terror and invasion of Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) is helpful to obstruct the rapid spread of terrorism, restoration of democracy in Afghanistan, and peace in the Middle East. The War on Terror The War on Terror, a military campaign initiated by the U.S. and its allied nations, primarily aims to resist rapid spread of terrorism, especially the terrorist plots like 9/11. Duffy (2005), an eminent human rights activist, writer, and the director of the International Centre for the Legal Protection of Human Rights points out that, â€Å"In the immediate wake of the attacks of 11 September 2001, the United States committed itself to a sustained ‘war on terror’, a significant component of which has involved the use of military force by the United States and its allies in several countries, notably Afghanistan and Iraq† (p.186). One can see that the origin of terrorist organizations like al-Qaeda and Taliban is inte rconnected with the growth of militant nationalism in the Middle East. On the other side, the War on Terror never hindered counter-terrorism measures adopted by the world nations. To be specific, the War on Terror aims to reduce the influence of terrorism among the world nations. ... The origin of the War on Terror is interconnected with the growth of al-Qaeda and Taliban in the Middle East. The end result of the creation of al-Qaeda by Osama bin Laden in 1980s was the rapid spread of terrorism and the origin of Taliban in Afghanistan. Gradually, Bin Laden began to control Afghani Taliban. This eventually led to the origin of terrorist networks in the Middle East and in the African continent. On the other side, the U.S. interest and influence among the oil rich Middle Eastern nations was an imminent threat to the terrorist networks. So, Bin Laden decided to intimidate the U.S. and other Western nations by attacking the officials and civilians. Soros (2007), who is the chief of the Soros Fund Management, supporter of open societies and an important critic on the War on Terror, opines that, â€Å"Bin Laden correctly identified the one aspect in which military Islam is superior to Western civilization: the fear of death† (p.108). The millennium attack in the year 2000 proves that Bin Laden was ready to challenge the U.S. and its allied nations. The immediate cause behind the War on Terrorism and the attack on al-Qaeda and Taliban is the 9/11 attack, formulated by Bin Laden. This attack infuriated the U.S. and it eventually led to the extension of the War on Terrorism to new levels. The War on Terrorism aimed to destroy the mastermind behind the rapid spread of terrorism. Soros (2007), opines that, â€Å"My emphasis on the role of the United States as the source of stability in the world and the protector of our civilization is somewhat exaggerated on account of personal considerations† (p.xviii). But, Bin Laden and other leaders of Al-Qaeda and Taliban like Abu Musab al-Zarqawi were in Afghanistan. So, the warfront gradually shifted to

In response to Nietzsche Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

In response to Nietzsche - Essay Example Nietzsche further asserts that truth is a social construct that completely depends on human language for its existence. Since language comprises of the signifiers to objects and experiences in human beings’ life, truth cannot exist as a separate entity outside human experience. Necessarily a truth is colored by a man’s experiences and perceptions of the truth itself. When truth dwells in a metaphysical level, its perception is embodied trough human-induced language constructs like metaphors or metonymies, as Nietzsche says in this regard: â€Å"What is truth then? A mobile army of metaphors, metonymies, anthropomorphisms, in short a sum of human relations that are elevated, transmitted, beautified in a poetic or rhetoric manner, and that appear to the people after a long usage as fixed, canonical and binding† (Nietzsche 45) Indeed perspectivism is a crucial term in understanding the validity of Nietzsche’s concept of truth. Nietzsche claims that â€Å"tru ths are illusions of which one has forgotten they are illusions, metaphors that are worn out and literally became powerless† (Nietzsche 45). But the problem that arises here is whether Nietzsche is true. While â€Å"there is no truth† according to Nietzsche, the question is how the truthfulness of Nietzsche’s claim can be validated. Obviously Nietzsche himself is aware of the conundrum that his concept of truth may develop. In response to this question, Nietzsche assumes that truths are socially established collective perspectives about something which are collaborative with other human experiences. Subsequently there may be another truth claimed by a philosopher. But according to this different truth about something is the said philosopher’s own perspective which has been induced and modulated by different context and experience with which he or she happens to be familiar with. Therefore when a philosopher claims any idea or anything as true, he or she is prejudiced and ignorant of different contexts which might lead him to a different conclusion. In his book, â€Å"Beyond Good and Evil† Nietzsche discusses this very postulation of perspectivism and its relation with the philosophers’ prejudices about truth. In the beginning chapter called â€Å"On the Prejudices of Philosophers†, he comments that though a traditional philosopher may claim any of his idea as the product of pure reasons and, therefore, as something true, there can be a different truth, about the same thing, which is the product of different reasoning. Indeed reasons and reasoning can be different from individual to individual, since reasons themselves, in some ways or others, are the products of individual experiences and perspectives. Therefore, a cluster of experiences which is same for a group of people may give birth to a cluster of perspectives which itself may lead to a conclusion assumed as a truth. In the same manner, a different cluster of experiences about the same may lead to a different truth. The problem of traditional philosophers is that they attempt to prove their perspectives (according to Nietzsche, their prejudices) as the universal truth. Referring to this problem, Nietzsche comments: â€Å"They pose as having discovered and attained their real opinions through the self-evolution of a cold, pure, divinely unperturbed dialectic: while what happens at bottom is that a prejudice, a notion, an ‘inspiration,’ generally a desire of the heart sifted and made abstract, is defended by them with reasons sought after the event†

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EDGAR ALLAN POE 1809 - 1849 â€Å"Quoth the Raven, â€Å"Nevermore† Edgar Allan Poe – Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dark what is dark? It is defined in the dictionary as: Darkadj 1.Being without light or without much light. 2. Not a light in colour 3.Gloomy. 4. Being without knowledge and culture 5.Secretive – darklyadv – Dark-ness n.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dark2n 1.Absance of light: Darkness; esp.: night 2. A dark or deep colour – in the dark 1. In secrecy. 2. In ignorance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dark is a major part of Edgar Allan Poe’s work. Take for example â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum†: The main character is locked in a dungeon with no light to see his surroundings. â€Å"I quickly unclosed my eyes. My worst thoughts, then, were confirmed. The blackness of eternal night encompassed me.† (Edgar Allan Poe, story and structure Canadian edition, â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† pg.357 line 33.) Take also for example â€Å"The Mask of the Red Death†. The seventh room was black. â€Å" But in the western or black chamber the effect of the fire light that streamed upon the dark hangings through the blood – tinted panes, was ghastly and extreme †¦ It was in this apartment, also, that there stood against the west wall a gigantic clock of ebony.† These are just examples of literally darkness with no light. There is also the literary darkness Like in the â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, the man murders his employer â€Å" He shrieked once – once only. In an n instance I dragged him to the floor, and pulled the heave bed over him... the old man was dead†¦I took for the concealment of the body. The night warned, and I walked hastily, but in silence , first as I dismembered the corps. I cut off the head and the legs and the arms†. â€Å"The Raven† the man is mourning over the lost love Lanor. When a raven comes only to torment his already tired soul. With those words of pain â€Å"Never More†. †On this home by horror haunted – tell me truly I implore – is there – is there balm in Gilead? – tell me – tell me – I implore!† â€Å"Quoth the raven â€Å"never more†Ã¢â‚¬    Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion it is said that the greatest writer either write about sex or death and Edgar Allan Poe is one of the greatly misunderstood writers of our day due to the lack of information on him and his life.

Breaking the Cycle of Violence

â€Å"Experience in the cities shows that the cycle of violence is a self-perpetuating phenomenon, constantly generating new violence from within itself. † (Enns 2002 p. 3). When we observe our nation of children, as a whole group, we see a higher and higher incidence of violence among them, not to mention that it occurs at an earlier and earlier age. It is becoming almost commonplace to hear of pre-teens who have committed acts of violence, and we now are beginning to hear of children as young as six and seven committing violent acts.It is a fact that violence begets violence, and our children are exposed to unimaginable acts from parents and caregivers. Drugs are rampant in our nation, and poverty and domestic violence are merely a way of life for many children today. According to author Kathy Sitarski, â€Å"we all tend to take out our pain on others to one degree or another, even if only in fantasy. † (Sitarski 2004 p. 1). This phenomenon does not occur because we a re in some way inhuman, but rather because we are unable to deal with the feelings of terror and rage that come along with memories of our own pain.When we feel helpless and powerless, or when terror threatens to overtake us, acting out toward others makes us feel more in charge in some strange way. Of course there are those who consciously choose not to take their rage and pain out on another human being, and, in many cases, turn it against themselves in the form of abusive relationships or endangering their own lives. (Sitarski 2004 p. 2). Violence can isolate us as human beings because it brings shame into our lives.We are ashamed to have hurt another or we are ashamed that we have allowed ourselves to be abused; â€Å"a beating feels shameful and humiliating and the survivor often internalizes that he or she somehow deserved it. † (Sitarski 2004 p. 2). Even witnessing violence against another can cause us to feel shame as we feel powerless to stop it. Most rapists can rec all rape and physical abuse in their own histories, then they later act out the same form of violence on another. How likely is it that today’s abused, neglected and ignored children will become tomorrow’s violent offenders?According to the National Institute of Justice it is extremely likely; results of a detailed study show that childhood abuse and neglect â€Å"increase the odds of future delinquency and adult criminality overall by 29 percent. † (National 2001 p. 1). Further statistics are equally appalling: the abused or neglected child has a 59 percent increased likelihood of juvenile arrest, and 28 percent increased likelihood of adult arrest, and 30 percent increased likelihood of having committed a truly violent crime. These statistics give us an idea of what the â€Å"cycle of violence† leaves in its wake.Nationwide, the incidence of neglect is some two and a half times that of physical abuse. Neglect can also have the potential to be even more damaging to the development of a child than physical abuse. (National 2001 p. 3). When we think of abuse and neglect, we rarely think of malnutrition. Some children are literally starved of the basic nutrition and food their bodies need to grow as small children. Malnourished children will later show attention deficits, reduced social skills, and poorer emotional stability than the comparison group.Unfortunately, our system of incarceration fails miserably in the sense that the â€Å"punishment phase† of prison is meant to â€Å"blame, shame, ridicule, beat down and break the spirit of people who have broken the law. † (Sitarski 2004 p. 3). While most all of us would certainly agree that those who commit violent crimes must be incarcerated, must be kept from the population at large, we are punishing these people in the same ways that actually turned them to violence in the first place. Those long-held feelings of terror and rage, rather than being relieved in some way, only increase with every day spent in the violent atmosphere of prison.If we really believe in the rehabilitation theory of prison, a long hard look needs to be taken at our prison system, and some practices put into place to actually break this vicious cycle of violence that will continue to repeat itself until interrupted. Early intervention is the key to stopping this destructive cycle; children at risk need to be identified early and swift measures need to be taken to try and relieve some of the terror and rage felt by the abused and neglected child.When this takes place, one link in the cycle is broken, perhaps leading to another and another. Works Cited About Domestic Violence (2003). Cycle of Violence. Retrieved December 11, 2006 from: http://www. edvpor/aboutDV/cycle. htm Enns, Fernando (2001). Breaking the Cycle of Violence. From the Ecumenical Review, Volume 53, Issue 2. Retrieved December 9, 2006 from: http://www. questia. com Hopper, Jim (1997). Factors in the Cycle of Violence: Gender Rigidity and Emotional Constriction. Retrieved December 11, 2006 from: http://www.jimhopper. com/cycle National Institute of Justice (February 2001). An Update on the Cycle of Violence. Retrieved December 8, 2006 from: http://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/nij/184894. pdf Siris, Karen (2004). Interrupting the Cycle of Bullying and Victimization in the Elementary Classroom. From Phi Delta Kappan, Volume 86, Issue 4. Retrieved December 9, 200 from: http://www. questia. com Sitarski, Kathy (2004). The Wheel of Violence. From The Humanist, Volume 56, Issue 3. Retrieved December 7, 2006 from: http://www. questia. com

The Case Of A Christmas Carol - 1339 Words

marriage and gender roles. In the case of A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens wants readers to see how living a life that radiates love and promotes happiness is better than being selfish and living a miserable life, and how past circumstances heavily influence who we are as people. The two messages both authors want readers to take away from the story, although different, achieve the takeaway through the utilization first person narration. Furthermore, the narration in these stories also consists of free indirect discourse, which is a type of third person narration that also incorporates elements of first person narration. In both A Christmas Carol and Pride and Prejudice, free indirect discourse has the same purpose—it acts as a way for a way the characters’ thoughts to shine through and become intertwined with the narrators thoughts. This causes the characters’ feelings and thoughts to be validated and be made known, which adds credibility to the narrator and c reates another layer of depth within the stories. The use of first person narration and free indirect discourse is the same in both novels and allows the reader to take away the message at hand, however, the tone of the narration within the two novels slightly differs. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen allows her voice and opinions to be known through her narrator by being subtly critical of social hierarchy and marriage for power and status. Even though she does this, the entire time she is placing emphasis onShow MoreRelated The Popularity of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe Popularity of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens I Think that A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens is still popular today because it has a good moral story and people still enjoy a good old fashioned ghost story. 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